SERVICE CORES IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

SERVICE CORES IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

 

Besides, the service core can provide the principal structural element for 

        – the gravity load-resisting system and 

        – lateral load-resisting system 

        – also provides stiffness to restrict deflections and accelerations to acceptable levels at the top of the building.

• The core configuration is normally finalized at an early stage of design development because of its implications for the functional layout of the building.

The cost of a core for a typical highrise office building is estimated to be around 38 % cost or 4 to 5 % of the total development cost. 

In determining the internal configuration of the service core, one of the first elements to identify is the extent to which vertical transport is to be provided within the building.

Service Cores in Hig Rise Buildings

ELEVATORS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

Introduction:-

• Vertical Transportation is one of the most important aspects of tall building services affecting the efficiency of people’s movements and contributing to overall energy consumption. 
• Electric traction lifts can range in speed from 0.6-10.0 meters per second.
•  At very high speeds, human comfort becomes the limiting factor. 
• Lifts with capacities of up to 1950 kg or 26 persons are often used for tall office buildings, offering high speed and capacity at the same time.
• Vertical transportation generally accounts for about 5-10 per cent of the building energy consumption depending upon the type of lifts and other electrical loads in the building.
• Different configurations can benefit improved core design and efficiency of the net-to-gross floor area ratio, crucial in the economic considerations of tall buildings.
• As an example, the double-decker lifts in the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur use half the core space of single-decker lifts. 

ELEVATORS

• Once the location of the service core on the floor plate has been determined, the exact size of the elevator shaft is established.
• Elevator shafts are sized according to car shapes and sizes and door sizes, with due consideration given to space requirements for guide rails and brackets, counterweight systems, running clearances, and ancillary equipment.
• Sufficient air space should always be provided around cars and elevator counterweights to minimize buffeting and airborne noise during operation. 

The criteria for elevator grouping and arrangement differ depending on the building type — hotel, apartment block, or offices.

A large bank of elevators is the main element in a service core design. A separate fire-fighting elevator — capable of moving firefighters around a burning building when all other lifts have returned to their neutral position — is often required and becomes a part of the core.

ELEVATORS LOBBY CONFIGURATIONS

TWO-CAR GROUPING

Two Car Grouping Elevator

• The side-by-side arrangement is best
• The passenger faces both cars& can react immediately
• AVOID separation of elevators
• EXCESSIVE separation destroys the advantages of group operation

THREE-CAR GROUPING

Three Car Grouping Elevator

• 3 cars in a row are PREFERRABLE
• 2 cars opposite 1 are acceptable
• PROBLEM: location of the elevator call button

FOUR-CAR GROUPING

Four Car Grouping Elevator

• Commonly in large, busier buildings
• The 2-opposite-2 arrangement is the most efficient

SIX-CAR GROUPING

Four Car Grouping Elevator

– Found in large office buildings, public buildings & hospitals

– Provide quantity & quality

– 3-opposite-3 position is PREFERRED

– Dimension of the LOBBY must not be less than 3m or 3.6m

SIX- EIGHT-CAR GROUPING

Six-Eight-Car Grouping Elevator

– The largest PRACTICAL group

– 4-opposite-4 arrangement

Case Study of

COMMERCE BANK FRANKFURT, Germany

Commerce Bank Frankfurt, Germany (3d View)

Commerce Bank Frankfurt, Germany

Commerce Bank Frankfurt, Germany (Typical Floor Plan)

Commerce Bank Frankfurt, Germany (Typical Floor Plan)